It’s midday, and you’re at a grocery store or someplace equally ordinary.
You see a woman in stiletto heels and a short skirt with long flowing glossy hair and lots of makeup and pouty lips. Beside her is a woman with no makeup in jeans and flip flops, her hair looking clean and brushed but not particularly styled.
Regardless of which one you personally consider more attractive, do you find yourself inferring the first woman is sexually available to men at the moment? I do, much as I wish I didn’t – everything in her appearance has been coded over decades of fashion development to signal just that, and I can’t delete that information from my mind. Even if she’s looking that way for another reason – because she likes it, because she’s a model and it’s part of the job, because she wants to impress her girlfriend on their tenth anniversary – we’ve been taught that for a woman to look like that means she is offering herself sexually to men.
Now, same time same place, you see two men. One is dressed in a gorgeous suit and has a flattering haircut. The other is wearing a nice enough suit and his haircut is nothing special. Do you assume anything about their sexual availability to women? The first man certainly could be dressing to impress a woman sexually, but he could also be dressing to impress his banker so he’ll get a loan. His appearance signals that he’s out to impress someone, or just takes pride in his appearance generally, but it doesn’t signal that he’s trying to attract women sexually at this moment per se.
This is because, other than gayness, there’s nothing about men’s sexuality that scares society. Women’s sexuality has been terrifying humans since who-knows-when, so we keep our eyes peeled for signals that it’s broken loose and it’s on the move. The reverse logic is astounding – men use sex as a weapon far more often than women do – but since we blame absolutely everything men do wrong with their penises on women anyway, it makes sense.
Not only is this a telling dichotomy, it’s also an annoyance. Women who rarely wear skirts to an office often find that when they do, men who normally treat them like co-workers/buddies suddenly can’t stop talking about how great they look and how nice their legs are (even if, as in my case, one has stout, muscular calves). When do I get a chance to encourage the men around me to dress more like they’re hoping I’ll hit on them? When do I get a chance to assume that because a man is dressed up, he’s an easy mark for my advances, especially if I know how to dismantle his self-esteem like any successful pick-up artist?
But it gets worse: merely being in possession of naturally pouty lips or big breasts triggers the assumption in some people that you’re a woman who’s hyper-available to men sexually. Teenage girls with big breasts not uncommonly get hit on by older men who clearly imply that with a chest like that, a girl must be hypersexual (don’t get me started – I’m convinced only a sex criminal could honestly think that). Pouty lips get described as sexy in contexts from the boardroom to the grocery store, as if by merely showing up on the planet with full lips, a woman is inviting sexual commentary on her body twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
What’s your experience/observation of appearance stereotyping? How do race and other sets of stereotypes intersect with this stuff?


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So true.
As a woman, I am constantly frustrated by how no matter what I wear things are being read onto it. (I do think that this happens to men as well, just differently. Less about sexual availability, but about sexuality, socio-economic situation, etc. I’d love to hear how the men on this site feel about it.) As a large-breasted woman, it’s just absurd. I am so sick of things I wear being considered “immodest” or “slutty” because they don’t cover as much of my skin as they would on a smaller woman, or because they cover everything but are stretched out in a “provocative” way. Especially in a climate as hot and sticky as the one I live in for a large part of the year, tank tops aren’t to be flirty, they’re to avoid heatstroke. If my best friend and I wear the same style clothing, she gets compliments and I get leers — what she is praised for wearing to work, it is suggested that I cover with a sweater.
Ray(Quote) (Reply)
Uh, I had some creepazoid follow me about muttering sexy sexy sexy. I LOOK LIKE A HIGH SCHOOLER TODAY, creepy dude!! BOOBS /= DOING IT WITH YOU.
Maria(Quote) (Reply)
I dunno, maybe I just know enough women who dress in a range of styles that the first one doesn’t suggest sexual availability to me, although it does suggest a certain willingness to “dress sexy” whether available or not–that is, the people I know who dress like that do it all the time because that’s their style. Not sluttiness, just confidence or some other reason to look particularly femme.
I come from a weird part of academia where dress up in any way, whether you’re male or female, will get you attention. Attention like, “Are you going somewhere formal after this?”, as if it’s abnormal to wear anything other than jeans and a t-shirt at any time. I decided that I want my students to take me seriously, so on the days when I teach, I wear business casual wear, like a button-down shirt and nice pants, and I always get weird looks for that around my department. On the other hand, casual observation has told me that my students are more willing to push my boundaries if I dress casually, so I attempt a degree of formality so they’ll turn stuff in on time. (I think it’s more likely that I am more willing to enforce my own rules if I feel like a grown-up. Not sure.)
Katran(Quote) (Reply)
“as if by merely showing up on the planet with full lips, a woman is inviting sexual commentary on her body twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.”
I think sometimes just being a woman alive on this earth — lips full or slim, breasts big or small — invites sexual commentary on our bodies. For some men (women too, I’m sure, but I’m speaking from my experience) the codes have been so deeply ingrained and lived, that the triggers are no longer any more particular than our gender. Woman = Sex.
Anne(Quote) (Reply)
As an early possessor of said huge knockers it is not the men’s assumption of me being hyper-sexual that bothers me at this point so much as it is the judgment of women. Add to that that I am black and have assets on the bottom half, too, and my body is essentially everything our culture hates. And no one hates it more than women. If I didn’t know that it was a no-win fool’s errand, I could have sued almost every company I have ever worked for not due to what the men have said but due to what the women have said…and done. Strangers poke my breasts on the street (I have witnesses), they accuse me of walking like a prostitute (what dat look like?), and all around assume that they have the right to discuss my body like an object. All because they think it comes with some kind of advantage. Mind you, I’m a writer, a scholar, and a nerd — on the inside. It is not my fault that my outside doesn’t match. Nor is it my fault that they are seen as ill-suited for each other. What is this rule that women are just as culpable of perpetuating that says a sexual woman cannot be a thinking woman?
In my old age (30s!) I find I care less and less. I can, indeed, have bother killer cleavage and a killer thesis. And I do, often. Simultaneously. Now I enjoy pissing women off and scaring the boys. If this form is going to come with all this baggage one may as well get to enjoy themselves.
ohcoya(Quote) (Reply)
The frustrating thing is this never works in reverse when you want it to. I had a much older male acquaintance go creepy on me, and whenever I had to be around him, I dressed down as much as I could (baggy T-shirts, ratty paint-stained overalls, my hair is usually messy and I never wear make-up anyway) but it never helped, never stopped the stares and unwanted touches. Never.
So, yeah, assholes who say it’s the woman’s fault for dressing that way and calling attention to herself? Can all fuck off and die. Seriously.
Dani Atkinson(Quote) (Reply)
I agree with all of this. I think the more comparable male example though would be seeing a guy in the grocery store with skin tight pants and his shirt most of the way unbuttoned, maybe with a gold chain or something. It still doesn’t send the same message of availability, but it does at least have some kind of strong sexual message encoded in it, much more so than the gorgeous suit and great haircut. And it’s probably seen as more threatening, either because it’s seen as low class (revealing clothes are seen as low class for both men and women, but maybe even more so for men?) or because a man showing off his body in tight clothes must be gay.
But I absolutely agree with your main point, that trying to dress well as a woman involves all kinds of issues that men just don’t have to deal with, because a lot more is read into what a woman wears.
stella(Quote) (Reply)
People who write books and mailing lists about How To Get A Man, e g Mimi Tanner, always advise their audience (assumed to be all heterosexual women) to wear a skirt to work whenever possible because your male coworkers will stop thinking of you as “one of the guys” and “treat you like a lady”. If treating me like a lady means staring/groping/making rude comments or assumptions, I’d rather be one of the guys, thanks.
Lavode(Quote) (Reply)
I have a normal breast size for my body weight, but the thing is that most shirts fit me too tightly around the chest (while being overly baggy in the stomach area — and these clothes are supposedly “fitted”. I think it’s because I’ve got a good shape in a dress size in which clothes designers think all wearers are shaped like sausages. Even though none of us are). All my shirts get stretched in that area, and the button-down shirts create revealing gaps between the buttons. I always feel like some sort of whore when I don’t wear something over the shirt because I’ve been conditioned to think that only girls who want that kind of attention dress so distractingly. I always feel chained to jackets which make me feel like an unfenimine, unattractive slacker. So I feel like I’ve lost control of how confident I’m allowed to feel in my femininity. Why can’t I wear what I feel good in without feeling like a prostitute? All I’m showing are my arms, my face, and my neck! I’m not even that curvaceous!
Sara(Quote) (Reply)
I have the opposite problem. I have no chest to speak of. My face is not unpretty, but it’s kind of androgynous. I have long legs, broad shoulders, and an average build. I wear jeans and T-shirts. And most damning, my hair is naturally oily and frizzy, so I have taken to cutting it down to a half-inch so I don’t have to worry about it.
I’m a very sexual woman. I feel great the way I am and I love the way I look. No one EVER hits on me. Ever. Sometimes I find out after the fact that a guy was interested in me, but he subconsciously read my haircut or my masculine torso as a signal that I was sexually unavailable.
Towanda(Quote) (Reply)
Can only agree with what others said: as a large-breasted 12y.old I got hit on by a 50-something, which was way creepy. Still get sometimes hit on by men who look clearly 20-30 years older than me, but at least now I look myself like an adult. Another stereotype I encountered was when I had my interview for the apprenticeship. There were four people, one of them a woman. Two years later, when we had our practical course in the personnel department (it was part of the apprenticeship, that we had a course in every department, so we could decide later on where to specialise) we could have a look in our personnel files. I found out, that the only one who voted against me was the woman – and her explanation? That I looked too bland. I didn’t need to ask her what she meant, because after two years I knew exactly what her problem with me was – I didn’t dress fashionably (because as an overweight teenager living on benefits it is nearly impossible to find brand clothes that fit you, look nice and don’t cost you an arm and a leg) and I didn’t wear makeup. The funny thing is, there were no regulations what was considered appropriate for work at that time, so a lot of the old guard would look like wannabe-rockstars of the 70s, with leather pants and long stringy hair and a sweater, that looked as if it was made in 70s – and washed as rarely as their hair was cut.
Elee(Quote) (Reply)
Hey, Towanda, wanna go out sometime?
But I guess what you describe can fall into what people perceive as a masculine type – I can see how that might influence reactions.
I think what the OP describes is quite right: men only have one style of “good” clothing, i.e. suits. For women, it’s different between good work clothes and good dating clothes, and don’t you mix them up! If men try and go for “dating clothes”, they’re deemed metrosexual or gay. And if women don’t go for dating clothes, they’re shrews or lesbians. What a wonderful world.
The Other Patrick(Quote) (Reply)
I have the same problem as Towanda but for a different reason. As a plus-size girl, men usually do not look at me as an object of sexual desire no matter how provocatively I dress.
And as a woman who enjoys occasionally dressing up just for the fun of it, I make no assumptions about other women who do so.
Palaverer(Quote) (Reply)
Just chiming in to say this is an AWESOME comment thread – my lack of response is due to how well you guys are covering so many points, and points of view.
If men try and go for “dating clothes”, they’re deemed metrosexual or gay. And if women don’t go for dating clothes, they’re shrews or lesbians. What a wonderful world.
Could it be that one’s mode of dress is ONLY interpreted in terms of the male gaze? Men dress fancy, and that’s supposed to mean they’re sexually available to men. Women dress fancy, and it’s supposed to mean the same thing. And to top that off, even when a woman’s mode of dress makes someone assume (rightly or wrongly) she’s a lesbian, they don’t assume she’s trolling for a partner right now. You know what I mean?
Jennifer Kesler(Quote) (Reply)
Katran: I must have overread that before, but as a teacher, I also choose to wear formal suits to class. My friends first looked at me like I was crazy because I usually wear leather pants and a shirt, but it’s like dressing up for me, too – I put on teacher clothes to be the rule-enforcing teacher, not the cool guy I am terribly sure I am
The Other Patrick(Quote) (Reply)
I think you’ve drawn the wrong parallel. It’s not the smart business suit (or business dress) that signals sexual availability, but clothing that emphasizes sexual signals. On a man: bare, glistening chest and tight jeans is equivalent to pouty lips and stilettos.
Just my 2p
Umm Yasmin(Quote) (Reply)
On a man: bare, glistening chest and tight jeans is equivalent to pouty lips and stilettos.
But he can’t dress that way in all the places a woman can dress as I described, i.e. the grocery store. And men tend to interpret that look as “gay” so again, it’s about sexual availability to men, not women.
Jennifer Kesler(Quote) (Reply)
This might be derailing this topic but I think its interesting that these very clothes you’re describing are clothes that are more and more readily available in major chain stores for the pre-teen and teen crowd (go look at Target, Old Navy, etc.). Little girls are encouraged to dress in low-cut, or high cut as the case may be in regards to skirts, items, encouraged to wear tight or form-fitting clothes (not to be confused with well-cut clothes that accentuate a figure), etc. Look at the formal wear that available to teen girls for proms. Go on Facebook sometime and look at the pictures of young, college-aged women. Hyper-sexuality in girl-children is encouraged and then there seems to be an age when women are encouraged to be ashamed of this hyper-sexual look (I theorize/hypothesize, from my own experiences, happens some time in the first 2-5 years after college and more specifically when a significant other comes into the picture–just a thought please don’t vilify me for it!). Then we’re encouraged to think that the skirt that might have been a little short but damn didn’t our legs look fine! is now “unprofessional”, unattractive, and slutty. And before you know it, the sexy skirt is packed into a box and shipped off to Goodwill.
I think men experience this on a different level. If you look at the clothing for same age group as the pre-teens and teens in Target and the other mall stores, guys are encouraged to cultivate a certain look and often, even though they seem innocuous, ads for this age-group depict young boys dressing like their college-aged counter parts. I think that boys and young men are encouraged to look a certain way so as to attract “the ladies” but that certain way can’t be too metrosexual or they might be attracting the men (and hey, maybe that’s what they want). I think that they’re sexuality is challenged not in terms of what they wear, though certainly a certain look can be misconstrued as “gay”, but rather how they act. If a man takes too much interest in his appearance, too much care of his body (aside from hitting the gym–I’m thinking facials and manicures here), spends too much time on his hair, etc. his sexuality is questioned but rather than, as with women, assume he is a “slut”, it is assumed he is gay.
Tina(Quote) (Reply)
“But he can’t dress that way in all the places a woman can dress as I described, i.e. the grocery store. And men tend to interpret that look as “gay” so again, it’s about sexual availability to men, not women.”
But that’s my point. You constructed your scenario using the dress associated with signaling sexual availability in Western cultures, and contrasted it not with what Western cultures consider to be male sexual-signalling dress, but rather what Western cultures consider to be power dressing.
You didn’t choose to start your description with a woman smeared with a mixture of butter-fat and red ochre (which is what Himba women in Namibia consider to be beautifying), nor did you contrast it with a man in a turban that covers his face (which is what Tuareg men do to signal status and power). You chose certain types of dress from Western cultures, but just inequivalent ones.
When a woman is dressed in pouty lips and stilletos,* she _is_ invoking culturally-constructed sexual signals. A nice suit and flattering hair-cut is *not* the culturally-constructed sexual signals amongst Western cultures for men, hence the analogy is not equivalent.
The issue then becomes not why women are perceived to be sexually available if they dress in a way that invokes sexual signals, but rather why do women have more license to dress in sexually-stimulating ways than men do. And that, is because it serves the powerholders in Western patriarchal cultures: White, hetrosexual men.
Thus, when an individual woman wears pouty lips and stillettos in public, she is not striking a blow for individual freedom, she is participating in how her culture constructs female sexuality and its currency in public.
Umm Yasmin(Quote) (Reply)
Interesting, but I disagree (sort of) because for heterosexual men, dressing for a romantic date is exactly like power dressing. So it *is* the accepted equivalent of what the OP described… at least outside of dance bars.
I mean, you know the video to “Single Ladies”, right? Here’s Purple Haze doing it. It’s awesome, and they’re great dancers – but they’re wearing pants. Not only that, they’re wearing an ensemble. That’s sexy dressing right there.
Not that I disagree that other kinds of dress for men are inacceptable because the male gaze doesn’t enjoy it as much, i.e. the powerholders don’t enjoy it as much.
—
also, while women may accentuate their lips with make-up, “wearing pouty lips” seems to me to say exactly that she chose to have them instead of simply being born with them. You probably used that expression on purpose and a little sarcastically, but just to make sure
The Other Patrick(Quote) (Reply)
because for heterosexual men, dressing for a romantic date is exactly like power dressing.
Exactly. There is no way a man can dress that signals to me, “Oooh, he’s available to any woman who wants to screw him” – partly because we just don’t frame men as available to women in any way (it’s the woman’s “job” to be available to the man in every culture I know of), partly because men are supposed to be wanting sex from women all the time, no matter how smelly or icky they may look at any given moment.
I admit the post is US-centric, or at least western culture-centric, but the parallels I drew ARE correct. All modes of publicly accepted appearance considered “sexually provacative” are “sexually provacative to men.” Therefore, a woman may get judged a “slut” by her sexualized appearance (whatever her culture deems “sexualized”) but a man dressed like Umm Yasmin’s describing would be judged to be “gay.”
Even by many women.
Jennifer Kesler(Quote) (Reply)
I think we’re going to have to disagree on this. Here are a whole bunch of pictures of very straight men dressed in sexually-signalling ways that say “I’m available to any woman who wants to screw me” and that aren’t power-dressing:
Colin Farrell: http://bit.ly/9EeW83
George Clooney: http://bit.ly/dnDJQ6
Brad Pitt: http://bit.ly/arfFdD
Johnny Depp: http://bit.ly/bkIVGM
Justin Timberlake: http://bit.ly/arERdO
Warren Beatty: http://bit.ly/d6rORN
Another Johnny Depp: http://bit.ly/owSpX
Umm Yasmin(Quote) (Reply)
“wearing pouty lips” no I mean, putting on red lipstick to give the appearance of blood stimulation to the lips, particularly if they have been rimmed with lipliner.
Umm Yasmin(Quote) (Reply)
“I mean, you know the video to “Single Ladies”, right? Here’s Purple Haze doing it. It’s awesome, and they’re great dancers – but they’re wearing pants. Not only that, they’re wearing an ensemble. That’s sexy dressing right there.”
I’ve had a quick look at the video – and isn’t the point of it that they are using the suit ensemble in a sexually-signalling manner (by thrusting their hips, pelvises (pl?) etc. whilst they are dancing) precisely what makes that video eye-catching. Eg. you *wouldn’t* see some Fortune 500 dude dressed like that and dancing like that. A little bit like Madonna wearing the Vogue power-suit and dancing provocatively – it’s a juxtaposition.
Umm Yasmin(Quote) (Reply)
TBH I think most Americans would interpet them and their clothes as being gay.
Maria(Quote) (Reply)
Yep, what Maria said. I’ve seen it time and again. I grew up thinking there were actors and musicians trying to seduce me with their tight or skimpy clothes, but over and over I was assured that I was Confused and They Were Secretly Gay.
The rule in America is actually quite simple: Real Men don’t objectify themselves for women, therefore any man who appears to be objectifying himself for women is obviously not a Real Man, which makes him Teh Gay. Admire the circularity of the logic! /eyeroll
So even if those actors ARE objectifying themselves for the female hetero gaze*, we’re not allowed to interpret it that way by the power structure. It’s an act of subversion to do so, and I’m all for subversion, naturally, but by definition it can’t be the norm and therefore is not the parallel to what we’re talking about.
In fact, I think this rather proves what I said in an earlier comment: dress styles, at least in the US, are only allowed to be interpreted in terms of the male gaze.
*You’d think they WOULD be going for the female gaze, since hetero women far outnumber gay men and would seem therefore to be a more lucrative audience. But as we’ve discussed elsewhere, HW has so much invested in the myth that women AREN’T a lucrative audience, no matter what, for one reason or another and if that one doesn’t work we’ll find another, that the intent with those actor photos may really be to entice male gay viewers. Some A-list male stars have huge gay male followings, and I just don’t know whether HW would be more interested in gay men than women, since neither are exactly well-loved. But at least gay men have been involved behind-the-scenes in HW since early days.
Jennifer Kesler(Quote) (Reply)
Also, re: pouty lips.
According to mainstream notions of the norm, my lips are always pouty. That’s because looking like you are sexually available is a thing with raced and classed connotations.
Maria(Quote) (Reply)
Maria, I just want to follow you around chirping “What she said” today.
Jennifer Kesler(Quote) (Reply)
Haha be my guest!
I’m totally on a roll.
Maria(Quote) (Reply)
[quote]I think we’re going to have to disagree on this. Here are a whole bunch of pictures of very straight men dressed in sexually-signalling ways that say “I’m available to any woman who wants to screw me” and that aren’t power-dressing:[/i]
I actually kind of disagree with this. What I see from those pictures are men dressed in ways that signal “I’m [i]looking[/i] for a woman who wants to screw me” rather than ‘I’m available’.
I think the difference I see in how these men are dressed ‘sexy’ and how women dress ‘sexy’ is the matter of who’s making the first move– I still envision the ‘sexy’ men making the proposition, and the ‘sexy’ women waiting for it.
Also, the last picture Depp is posing in a very feminine pose, soo…yes, that one looks more ‘sexually available’ [i]because[/i] it’s feminine.
Raeka(Quote) (Reply)
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